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Hormones in waste waters
Petrušová, Pavlína ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis gives the overview of waste water contaminants of steroid hormones type. A short description of these compounds and of their physical-chemical properties is given and sources of these substances in the environment are characterized, as well as their impact on organisms The fate of these compounds and methods used for their isolation from environmental compartments methods of their final analysis are characterized.
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Questions of pollutants determination in waste waters
Tandler, Ágnes ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis of theoretical character is being solved the problem of the presence of harmful substances in waste waters. Concerning inorganic substances attention is focused to lead and cadmium and their compounds. From the wide row of harmful organic compounds are chosen surfactants, polycyclic aromated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. There are described their chemical properties, origin and appearance in waste waters. This work also includes their analytical determination by mobile analysis and confirmatory methods. The last chapter includes standard operating procedure of the confirmatory fotometric method of determination of anionic surfactants, which is suitable for accredited laboratories.
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Problems of Drug Residues Determination in Waste Waters
Lisá, Hana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The PhD thesis deals with determination of sulfonamides and tetracyclines in waste waters. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. They are biologically active compounds and block biological processes in waste water treatment plants. These substances can influence microorganisms in the environment. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines induce resistance in low concentrations. These substances penetrate into the environment from industrial production, use in households, hospitals, veterinary clinics and fish farms. Tetracyclines and sulphonamides were determined in waste water from waste water treatment plants in Brno. Optimalization of extraction of these compounds was performed by solid phase extraction. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector or coupled with mass spectrometry. Optimalized method was used for determination tetracyclines and sulphonamides in waste water from waste water treatment plants in Brno in years 2007 – 2010.
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Determination of selected drugs by separation methods
Skálová, Lucie ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work summarizes the basic information regarding the occurence and incidence of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, causes of their existence in the environmental components, their effects and consequences arising. In addition, provides information related to the problem of pharmaceutical waste and its disposal. Part of the work is an overview of specific drugs from the group of analgesics, and a description of the various steps and methods suitable for their determination in aqueous matrices.
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Determination of drug residuals using separation methods
Vašíčková, Petra ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substances became a very frequently used and constantly evolved group of the drugs, particularly in a human medicine. The risk of their penetration into the environment, especially to the water environment, is rising during the recent years. The diploma thesis is focused on a selection of appropriate separation method and optimization of analytical procedure for the identification and determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage and surface waters. Salicylic acid, ketoprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen were chosen from the wide range of NSAIDs as the most widespread agents of this drugs group in the medical practice. The method was optimized and elaborated using the model water samples. This method was used for determination of the analytes contained in the real water samples. Waste water samples were taken from the large-scale wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and surface water samples were taken from the Highlands river Křetínka. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the real samples treatment and preconcentration, the determination was performed using the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy method (LC-MS).
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Determination of surfactants in waste waters
Švec, Pavel ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Surfactants belong to surface-active compounds that have ability to restrain the surface tension; this ability is exploited to eliminate impurities. This study is focused on determination of surfactants in waste water to which these compounds can be transported from various cleaning and washing articles. In theoretical part are listed basic classifications of surfactants, their properties and requests of Czech legislative for their content in waste water. Furthermore here are described chosen analytical procedures for determination of anion-active, cation-active and non-ionic surfactants in waste water. The conclusion of the work is evaluation of measured results of surfactants concentration in inflow and outflow of waste water from waste-treatment plant in University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno and waste water from neutralizating station in FCH BUT. To determination of anionic surfactants were used two methods, arbitration method with usage of methylene blue and mobile analytics method which is based on chemical reaction between target compound and chemical agent. This reaction leads to formation of coloured compound able to spectrofotometric determination.
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Electrocoagulation method for treatment of polluted waters
Krušinová, Zuzana ; Klusoň, Petr (advisor) ; Mašín, Pavel (referee)
Many drinking water treatment facilities face problems with algal organic matter (AOM) due to eutrophication of the environment and frequent occurrence of algal blooms. AOM can cause deterioration of water organoleptic properties, but the main threat is the potential for acting as a precursor of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). The presented master thesis deals with the possibility of using electrocoagulation (EC) - an innovative electrochemical method - to remove cellular organic matter (COM) produced by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa from drinking water. EC is similar to widely used chemical coagulation, the difference is that during EC the coagulant is produced by electrochemical dissolution of an iron or an aluminum electrode. Synthetic water with COM concentration of 5.5 and 8.5 mg/L of TOC was used for the experiments. The target value of conductivity (4.5 mS/cm) was reached by addition of NaCl. pH of the solution was adjusted by HCl and NaOH. During some of the experiments, NaHCO3 was added to increase the ANC4.5. The experiments were conducted in a batch mode with a stainless-steel cathode and an aluminum or an iron anode. The coagulant dosage was regulated by applied electric current passing through the electrodes. Flocs were separated by sedimentation and centrifugation. COM...
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Determination of the potential of process waters for metals recycling
Struňáková, Katarína ; Krystyník, Pavel (advisor) ; Jadrný, Josef (referee)
Incineration of municipal waste in incineration plants leads towards formation of many by- products, such as slug or fly ash. These by-products may contain specific amount of heavy metals. Acidic leaching enables to transfer of some of those metals into liquid phase from which they can be obtained by various methods, i.e. by electrodeposition.. This bachelor thesis is focused on the description of waste incineration process and treatment of solid residual which can potentially be used as a secondary raw material. Incineration plant with a capacity of 96 000 t/year simultaneously treats 27 t of Zinc annually. The economic value of this treated Zinc is about 1 700 000 CZK. In case of 80 % acidic extraction efficiency the price of treated Zinc is still more than 1 400 000 CZK. Thus there is a possibility of Zinc utilization as a secondary raw material.
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The pilot plant scale of the electrochemical elimination of Cr and Ni
Krušinová, Zuzana ; Klusoň, Petr (advisor) ; Žebrák, Radim (referee)
Electrocoagulation is a progressive yet not thoroughly understood method used to purify water contaminated by toxic elements and compounds. This bachelor thesis is focused on pilot scale testing of the electrochemical elimination of chromium and nickel from groundwater, realized on the premises of the company Velobel in Zlaté Hory. Firstly, it was essential to optimize the electrocoagulation process according to the parameters and composition of the groundwater. Secondly, it was necessary to test a continuous long-term operation that would make possible complete decontamination of the site. The electrocoagulation process was followed by addition of flocculant which was used to promote the sedimentation of the sludge. Lime solution was added simultaneously to change pH and to help eliminate nickel. This was followed by sedimentation and the purified water was led away by an overflow. The sludge was treated by a filter-press. Hexavalent chromium content in water samples was analysed spectrophotometrically with diphenylcarbazide, whereas trivalent chromium, nickel, zinc and manganese were analysed in a laboratory using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry). It was discovered that the tested technology is very successful in real conditions, with metal removal efficacies...
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Problems of Drug Residues Determination in Waste Waters
Lisá, Hana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The PhD thesis deals with determination of sulfonamides and tetracyclines in waste waters. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. They are biologically active compounds and block biological processes in waste water treatment plants. These substances can influence microorganisms in the environment. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines induce resistance in low concentrations. These substances penetrate into the environment from industrial production, use in households, hospitals, veterinary clinics and fish farms. Tetracyclines and sulphonamides were determined in waste water from waste water treatment plants in Brno. Optimalization of extraction of these compounds was performed by solid phase extraction. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector or coupled with mass spectrometry. Optimalized method was used for determination tetracyclines and sulphonamides in waste water from waste water treatment plants in Brno in years 2007 – 2010.
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